CIS 1.9 Self-Assessment Guide
Overview
This document is a companion to the RKE2 security hardening guide. The hardening guide provides prescriptive guidance for hardening a production installation of RKE2, and this benchmark guide is meant to help you evaluate the level of security of the hardened cluster against each control in the CIS Kubernetes benchmark. It is to be used by RKE2 operators, security teams, auditors, and decision makers.
This guide is specific to the v1.27-1.32 release line of RKE2 and the v1.9 release of the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark.
For more information about each control, including detailed rationales and descriptions checks, you can refer to the corresponding section of the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark v1.8. You can download the benchmark, after creating a free account, in Center for Internet Security (CIS).
Testing controls methodology
Each control in the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark was evaluated against a RKE2 cluster that was configured according to the accompanying hardening guide.
These are the possible results for each control:
- PASS - The control is automated (scored: true). The RKE2 cluster under test passed the audit outlined in the benchmark.
- Not Applicable - The control is not applicable (type: skip) to RKE2 because of how it is designed to operate. The rationale section will explain why this is so.
- WARN - The control is manual (scored: false) in the CIS benchmark and depends on the manual operator intervention. The remediation section will provide guidance on how to achieve a PASS result.
1 Control Plane Security Configuration
1.1 Control Plane Node Configuration Files
1.1.1 Ensure that the API server pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the
control plane node.
For example, chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
1.1.2 Ensure that the API server pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
1.1.3 Ensure that the controller manager pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
1.1.4 Ensure that the controller manager pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
1.1.5 Ensure that the scheduler pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
1.1.6 Ensure that the scheduler pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is present
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
1.1.7 Ensure that the etcd pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/etcd.yaml; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/etcd.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
If running master only with no etcd role, this check is Not applicable.
If controlplane and etcd roles are present on the same nodes but this check is warn then
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/etcd.yaml
1.1.8 Ensure that the etcd pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/etcd.yaml; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/etcd.yaml; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
If running master only with no etcd role, this check is Not applicable.
If controlplane and etcd roles are present on the same nodes but this check is warn then
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests/etcd.yaml
1.1.9 Ensure that the Container Network Interface file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Note that for many CNIs, a lock file is created with permissions 750. This is expected and can be ignored.
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chmod 600 /var/lib/cni/networks/<filename> and chmod 600 /etc/cni/net.d/<filename>
1.1.10 Ensure that the Container Network Interface file ownership is set to root:root (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
ps -fC ${kubeletbin:-kubelet} | grep -- --cni-conf-dir || echo "/etc/cni/net.d" | sed 's%.*cni-conf-dir[= ]\([^ ]*\).*%\1%' | xargs -I{} find {} -mindepth 1 | xargs --no-run-if-empty stat -c %U:%G
find /var/lib/cni/networks -type f 2> /dev/null | xargs --no-run-if-empty stat -c %U:%G
Expected Result: 'root:root' is present
Returned Value:
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chown root:root <path/to/cni/files>
1.1.11 Ensure that the etcd data directory permissions are set to 700 or more restrictive (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 700, expected 700 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=700
Remediation:
If running master only with no etcd role, this check is Not applicable.
If controlplane and etcd roles are present on the same nodes but this check is warn then
On the etcd server node, get the etcd data directory, passed as an argument --data-dir,
from the command 'ps -ef | grep etcd'.
Run the below command (based on the etcd data directory found above). For example,
chmod 700 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd
1.1.12 Ensure that the etcd data directory ownership is set to etcd:etcd (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd
Expected Result: 'etcd:etcd' is present
Returned Value:
etcd:etcd
Remediation:
If running master only with no etcd role, this check is Not applicable.
If controlplane and etcd roles are present on the same nodes but this check is warn then
On the etcd server node, get the etcd data directory, passed as an argument --data-dir,
from the command 'ps -ef | grep etcd'.
Run the below command (based on the etcd data directory found above).
For example, chown etcd:etcd /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd
1.1.13 Ensure that the admin.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/admin.kubeconfig
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/admin.kubeconfig
1.1.14 Ensure that the admin.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/admin.kubeconfig
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example, chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/admin.kubeconfig
1.1.15 Ensure that the scheduler.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig
1.1.16 Ensure that the scheduler.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig
1.1.17 Ensure that the controller-manager.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig
1.1.18 Ensure that the controller-manager.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig
1.1.19 Ensure that the Kubernetes PKI directory and file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chown -R root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls
1.1.20 Ensure that the Kubernetes PKI certificate file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chmod -R 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/*.crt
1.1.21 Ensure that the Kubernetes PKI key file permissions are set to 600 (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/*.key
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
chmod -R 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/*.key
1.2 API Server
1.2.1 Ensure that the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--anonymous-auth' is equal to 'false'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --anonymous-auth argument to false. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove anything similar to below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "anonymous-auth=true"
1.2.2 Ensure that the --token-auth-file parameter is not set (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--token-auth-file' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
Follow the documentation and configure alternate mechanisms for authentication. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove anything similar to below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "token-auth-file=<path>"
1.2.3 Ensure that the --DenyServiceExternalIPs is set (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: By default, RKE2 does not set DenyServiceExternalIPs. To enable this flag, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "enable-admission-plugins=DenyServiceExternalIPs"
1.2.4 Ensure that the --kubelet-client-certificate and --kubelet-client-key arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--kubelet-client-certificate' is present AND '--kubelet-client-key' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the kubelet client certificate and key. They are generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt and /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key If for some reason you need to provide your own certificate and key, you can set the below parameters in the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "kubelet-client-certificate=<path/to/client-cert-file>"
- "kubelet-client-key=<path/to/client-key-file>"
1.2.5 Ensure that the --kubelet-certificate-authority argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--kubelet-certificate-authority' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the kubelet CA cert file, at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt. If for some reason you need to provide your own ca certificate, look at using the rke2 certificate command line tool. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "kubelet-certificate-authority=<path/to/ca-cert-file>"
1.2.6 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is not set to AlwaysAllow (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--authorization-mode' does not have 'AlwaysAllow'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --authorization-mode to AlwaysAllow. If this check fails, edit RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "authorization-mode=AlwaysAllow"
1.2.7 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument includes Node (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--authorization-mode' has 'Node'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --authorization-mode to Node and RBAC. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, ensure that you are not overriding authorization-mode.
1.2.8 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument includes RBAC (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--authorization-mode' has 'RBAC'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --authorization-mode to Node and RBAC. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, ensure that you are not overriding authorization-mode.
1.2.9 Ensure that the admission control plugin EventRateLimit is set (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set the desired limits in a configuration file. Then, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and set the below parameters.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "enable-admission-plugins=...,EventRateLimit,..."
- "admission-control-config-file=<path/to/configuration/file>"
1.2.10 Ensure that the admission control plugin AlwaysAdmit is not set (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--enable-admission-plugins' does not have 'AlwaysAdmit' OR '--enable-admission-plugins' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --enable-admission-plugins to AlwaysAdmit. If this check fails, edit RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "enable-admission-plugins=AlwaysAdmit"
1.2.11 Ensure that the admission control plugin AlwaysPullImages is set (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Permissive, per CIS guidelines, "This setting could impact offline or isolated clusters, which have images pre-loaded and do not have access to a registry to pull in-use images. This setting is not appropriate for clusters which use this configuration." Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml on the control plane node and set the --enable-admission-plugins parameter to include AlwaysPullImages. --enable-admission-plugins=...,AlwaysPullImages,...
1.2.12 Ensure that the admission control plugin ServiceAccount is set (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--disable-admission-plugins' is present OR '--disable-admission-plugins' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --disable-admission-plugins to anything. Follow the documentation and create ServiceAccount objects as per your environment. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "disable-admission-plugins=ServiceAccount"
1.2.13 Ensure that the admission control plugin NamespaceLifecycle is set (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--disable-admission-plugins' is present OR '--disable-admission-plugins' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --disable-admission-plugins to anything. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "disable-admission-plugins=...,NamespaceLifecycle,..."
1.2.14 Ensure that the admission control plugin NodeRestriction is set (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--enable-admission-plugins' has 'NodeRestriction'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --enable-admission-plugins to NodeRestriction. Check the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, and ensure that you are not overriding the admission plugins. If you are, include NodeRestriction in the list.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "enable-admission-plugins=...,NodeRestriction,..."
1.2.15 Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--profiling' is equal to 'false'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --profiling argument to false. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "profiling=true"
1.2.16 Ensure that the --audit-log-path argument is set (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--audit-log-path' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --audit-log-path argument to /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log If you want to change this, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-path parameter to a suitable path and file where you would like audit logs to be written, for example,
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "audit-log-path=/var/log/rke2/audit.log"
1.2.17 Ensure that the --audit-log-maxage argument is set to 30 or as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--audit-log-maxage' is greater or equal to 30
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --audit-log-maxage argument to 30 days. If you want to change this, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-maxage parameter to an appropriate number of days, for example,
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "audit-log-maxage=40"
1.2.18 Ensure that the --audit-log-maxbackup argument is set to 10 or as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--audit-log-maxbackup' is greater or equal to 10
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --audit-log-maxbackup argument to 10. If you want to change this, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-maxbackup parameter to an appropriate value. For example,
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "audit-log-maxbackup=15"
1.2.19 Ensure that the --audit-log-maxsize argument is set to 100 or as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--audit-log-maxsize' is greater or equal to 100
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --audit-log-maxsize argument to 100 MB. If you want to change this, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-maxsize parameter to an appropriate size in MB. For example,
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "audit-log-maxsize=150"
1.2.20 Ensure that the --request-timeout argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--request-timeout' is not present OR '--request-timeout' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
Permissive, per CIS guidelines, "it is recommended to set this limit as appropriate and change the default limit of 60 seconds only if needed". Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and set the below parameter if needed. For example,
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "request-timeout=300s"
1.2.21 Ensure that the --service-account-lookup argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--service-account-lookup' is not present OR '--service-account-lookup' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --service-account-lookup argument. Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and set the service-account-lookup. For example,
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "service-account-lookup=true"
Alternatively, you can delete the service-account-lookup parameter from this file so that the default takes effect.
1.2.22 Ensure that the --service-account-key-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--service-account-key-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
RKE2 automatically generates and sets the service account key file. It is located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key. If this check fails, edit RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "service-account-key-file=<path>"
1.2.23 Ensure that the --etcd-certfile and --etcd-keyfile arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--etcd-certfile' is present AND '--etcd-keyfile' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
RKE2 automatically generates and sets the etcd certificate and key files. They are located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt and /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "etcd-certfile=<path>"
- "etcd-keyfile=<path>"
1.2.24 Ensure that the --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--tls-cert-file' is present AND '--tls-private-key-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically generates and provides the TLS certificate and private key for the apiserver. They are generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt and /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "tls-cert-file=<path>"
- "tls-private-key-file=<path>"
1.2.25 Ensure that the --client-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--client-ca-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the client certificate authority file. It is generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt. If for some reason you need to provide your own ca certificate, look at using the rke2 certificate command line tool. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "client-ca-file=<path>"
1.2.26 Ensure that the --etcd-cafile argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--etcd-cafile' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the etcd certificate authority file. It is generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt. If for some reason you need to provide your own ca certificate, look at using the rke2 certificate command line tool. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "etcd-cafile=<path>"
1.2.27 Ensure that the --encryption-provider-config argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--encryption-provider-config' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
RKE2 always is configured to encrypt secrets. Secrets encryption is managed with the rke2 secrets-encrypt command line tool. If needed, you can find the generated encryption config at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json
1.2.28 Ensure that encryption providers are appropriately configured (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
ENCRYPTION_PROVIDER_CONFIG=$(ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -- --encryption-provider-config | sed 's%.*encryption-provider-config[= ]\([^ ]*\).*%\1%')
if test -e $ENCRYPTION_PROVIDER_CONFIG; then grep -o 'providers\"\:\[.*\]' $ENCRYPTION_PROVIDER_CONFIG | grep -o "[A-Za-z]*" | head -2 | tail -1 | sed 's/^/provider=/'; fi
Expected Result: 'provider' contains valid elements from 'aescbc,kms,secretbox'
Returned Value:
provider=aescbc
Remediation:
RKE2 always is configured to use the aescbc encryption provider to encrypt secrets. Secrets encryption is managed with the rke2 secrets-encrypt command line tool. If needed, you can find the generated encryption config at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json
1.2.29 Ensure that the API Server only makes use of Strong Cryptographic Ciphers (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-apiserver
Expected Result: '--tls-cipher-suites' contains valid elements from 'TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
Remediation:
By default, the RKE2 kube-apiserver complies with this test. Changes to these values may cause regression, therefore ensure that all apiserver clients support the new TLS configuration before applying it in production deployments.
If a custom TLS configuration is required, consider also creating a custom version of this rule that aligns with your requirements.
If this check fails, remove any custom configuration around tls-cipher-suites or update the /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml file to match the default by adding the following:
kube-apiserver-arg:
- "tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305"
1.3 Controller Manager
1.3.1 Ensure that the --terminated-pod-gc-threshold argument is set as appropriate (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--terminated-pod-gc-threshold' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets a terminated-pod-gc-threshold of 1000. If you need to change this value, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml on the control plane node and set the --terminated-pod-gc-threshold to an appropriate threshold,
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "terminated-pod-gc-threshold=10"
1.3.2 Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--profiling' is equal to 'false'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --profiling argument to false. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "profiling=true"
1.3.3 Ensure that the --use-service-account-credentials argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--use-service-account-credentials' is not equal to 'false'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --use-service-account-credentials argument to true. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "use-service-account-credentials=false"
1.3.4 Ensure that the --service-account-private-key-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--service-account-private-key-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the service account private key file. It is generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "service-account-private-key-file=<path>"
1.3.5 Ensure that the --root-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--root-ca-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the root CA file. It is generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt. If for some reason you need to provide your own ca certificate, look at using the rke2 certificate command line tool. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "root-ca-file=<path>"
1.3.6 Ensure that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--feature-gates' is present OR '--feature-gates' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the RotateKubeletServerCertificate feature gate. If you have enabled this feature gate, you should remove it. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any lines like below.
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "feature-gate=RotateKubeletServerCertificate"
1.3.7 Ensure that the --bind-address argument is set to 127.0.0.1 (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-controller-manager
Expected Result: '--bind-address' is equal to '127.0.0.1' OR '--bind-address' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --bind-address argument to 127.0.0.1 If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-controller-manager-arg:
- "bind-address=<IP>"
1.4 Scheduler
1.4.1 Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-scheduler
Expected Result: '--profiling' is equal to 'false'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2992 2874 0 18:32 ? 00:00:05 kube-scheduler --permit-port-sharing=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig --profiling=false --secure-port=10259
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --profiling argument to false. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-scheduler-arg:
- "profiling=true"
1.4.2 Ensure that the --bind-address argument is set to 127.0.0.1 (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-scheduler
Expected Result: '--bind-address' is equal to '127.0.0.1' OR '--bind-address' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2992 2874 0 18:32 ? 00:00:05 kube-scheduler --permit-port-sharing=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/scheduler.kubeconfig --profiling=false --secure-port=10259
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --bind-address argument to 127.0.0.1 If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines like below.
kube-scheduler-arg:
- "bind-address=<IP>"
2 Etcd Node Configuration
2 Etcd Node Configuration
2.1 Ensure that the --cert-file and --key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
Expected Result: '.client-transport-security.cert-file' is equal to '/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-client.crt' AND '.client-transport-security.key-file' is equal to '/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-client.key'
Returned Value:
advertise-client-urls: https://10.10.10.100:2379
client-transport-security:
cert-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-client.crt
client-cert-auth: true
key-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-client.key
trusted-ca-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt
data-dir: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd
election-timeout: 5000
experimental-initial-corrupt-check: true
experimental-watch-progress-notify-interval: 5000000000
heartbeat-interval: 500
initial-advertise-peer-urls: https://10.10.10.100:2380
initial-cluster: server-0-eb0b952d=https://10.10.10.100:2380
initial-cluster-state: new
listen-client-http-urls: https://127.0.0.1:2382
listen-client-urls: https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://10.10.10.100:2379
listen-metrics-urls: http://127.0.0.1:2381
listen-peer-urls: https://127.0.0.1:2380,https://10.10.10.100:2380
log-outputs:
- stderr
logger: zap
name: server-0-eb0b952d
peer-transport-security:
cert-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-server-client.crt
client-cert-auth: true
key-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-server-client.key
trusted-ca-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-ca.crt
snapshot-count: 10000
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 generates cert and key files for etcd. These are located in /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/. If this check fails, ensure that the configuration file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config has not been modified to use custom cert and key files.
2.2 Ensure that the --client-cert-auth argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC etcd
Expected Result: 'ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH' is present OR '.client-transport-security.client-cert-auth' is equal to 'true'
Returned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=server-0
ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=
FILE_HASH=d5609f0ec831c97c1e0961fde38f97c80853b0fb9bbe0c62db34c5829ac578c7
NO_PROXY=.svc,.cluster.local,10.42.0.0/16,10.43.0.0/16
HOME=/
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --client-cert-auth parameter to true. If this check fails, ensure that the configuration file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config has not been modified to disable client certificate authentication.
2.3 Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC etcd
Expected Result: 'ETCD_AUTO_TLS' is not present OR 'ETCD_AUTO_TLS' is present OR '.client-transport-security.auto-tls' is present
Returned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=server-0
ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=
FILE_HASH=d5609f0ec831c97c1e0961fde38f97c80853b0fb9bbe0c62db34c5829ac578c7
NO_PROXY=.svc,.cluster.local,10.42.0.0/16,10.43.0.0/16
HOME=/
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --auto-tls parameter. If this check fails, edit the etcd pod specification file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config on the master node and either remove the --auto-tls parameter or set it to false. client-transport-security: auto-tls: false
2.4 Ensure that the --peer-cert-file and --peer-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
Expected Result: '.peer-transport-security.cert-file' is equal to '/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-server-client.crt' AND '.peer-transport-security.key-file' is equal to '/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-server-client.key'
Returned Value:
advertise-client-urls: https://10.10.10.100:2379
client-transport-security:
cert-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-client.crt
client-cert-auth: true
key-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-client.key
trusted-ca-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt
data-dir: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd
election-timeout: 5000
experimental-initial-corrupt-check: true
experimental-watch-progress-notify-interval: 5000000000
heartbeat-interval: 500
initial-advertise-peer-urls: https://10.10.10.100:2380
initial-cluster: server-0-eb0b952d=https://10.10.10.100:2380
initial-cluster-state: new
listen-client-http-urls: https://127.0.0.1:2382
listen-client-urls: https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://10.10.10.100:2379
listen-metrics-urls: http://127.0.0.1:2381
listen-peer-urls: https://127.0.0.1:2380,https://10.10.10.100:2380
log-outputs:
- stderr
logger: zap
name: server-0-eb0b952d
peer-transport-security:
cert-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-server-client.crt
client-cert-auth: true
key-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-server-client.key
trusted-ca-file: /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-ca.crt
snapshot-count: 10000
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 generates peer cert and key files for etcd. These are located in /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/. If this check fails, ensure that the configuration file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config has not been modified to use custom peer cert and key files.
2.5 Ensure that the --peer-client-cert-auth argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC etcd
Expected Result: 'ETCD_PEER_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH' is present OR '.peer-transport-security.client-cert-auth' is equal to 'true'
Returned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=server-0
ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=
FILE_HASH=d5609f0ec831c97c1e0961fde38f97c80853b0fb9bbe0c62db34c5829ac578c7
NO_PROXY=.svc,.cluster.local,10.42.0.0/16,10.43.0.0/16
HOME=/
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --peer-cert-auth parameter to true. If this check fails, ensure that the configuration file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config has not been modified to disable peer client certificate authentication.
2.6 Ensure that the --peer-auto-tls argument is not set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC etcd
Expected Result: 'ETCD_PEER_AUTO_TLS' is not present OR 'ETCD_PEER_AUTO_TLS' is present OR '.peer-transport-security.auto-tls' is present
Returned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=server-0
ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=
FILE_HASH=d5609f0ec831c97c1e0961fde38f97c80853b0fb9bbe0c62db34c5829ac578c7
NO_PROXY=.svc,.cluster.local,10.42.0.0/16,10.43.0.0/16
HOME=/
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --peer-auto-tls parameter. If this check fails, edit the etcd pod specification file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config on the master node and either remove the --peer-auto-tls parameter or set it to false. peer-transport-security: auto-tls: false
2.7 Ensure that a unique Certificate Authority is used for etcd (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC etcd
Expected Result: 'ETCD_TRUSTED_CA_FILE' is present OR '.peer-transport-security.trusted-ca-file' is equal to '/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-ca.crt'
Returned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=server-0
ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=
FILE_HASH=d5609f0ec831c97c1e0961fde38f97c80853b0fb9bbe0c62db34c5829ac578c7
NO_PROXY=.svc,.cluster.local,10.42.0.0/16,10.43.0.0/16
HOME=/
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 generates a unique certificate authority for etcd. This is located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/peer-ca.crt. If this check fails, ensure that the configuration file /var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/db/etcd/config has not been modified to use a shared certificate authority.
3 Control Plane Configuration
3.1 Authentication and Authorization
3.1.1 Client certificate authentication should not be used for users (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Alternative mechanisms provided by Kubernetes such as the use of OIDC should be implemented in place of client certificates.
3.1.2 Service account token authentication should not be used for users (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Alternative mechanisms provided by Kubernetes such as the use of OIDC should be implemented in place of service account tokens.
3.1.3 Bootstrap token authentication should not be used for users (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Alternative mechanisms provided by Kubernetes such as the use of OIDC should be implemented in place of bootstrap tokens.
3.2 Logging
3.2.1 Ensure that a minimal audit policy is created (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grep
Expected Result: '--audit-policy-file' is present
Returned Value:
root 2840 2791 5 18:32 ? 00:01:35 kube-apiserver --admission-control-config-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/rke2-pss.yaml --audit-policy-file=/etc/rancher/rke2/audit-policy.yaml --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/logs/audit.log --advertise-address=10.10.10.100 --allow-privileged=true --anonymous-auth=false --api-audiences=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,rke2 --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --cert-dir=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/temporary-certs --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.crt --egress-selector-config-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/etc/egress-selector-config.yaml --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-aggregator-routing=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/encryption-config.json --etcd-cafile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/server-ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/etcd/client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.crt --kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-kube-apiserver.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --profiling=false --proxy-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-auth-proxy.key --requestheader-allowed-names=system:auth-proxy --requestheader-client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/request-header-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.key --service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --storage-backend=etcd3 --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.crt --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/serving-kube-apiserver.key
root 2987 2893 1 18:32 ? 00:00:25 kube-controller-manager --flex-volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --permit-port-sharing=true --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --authorization-kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kube-apiserver-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-client-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/client-ca.key --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-kubelet-serving-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.nochain.crt --cluster-signing-legacy-unknown-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.key --configure-cloud-routes=false --controllers=*,tokencleaner,-service,-route,-cloud-node-lifecycle --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/cred/controller.kubeconfig --profiling=false --root-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/server-ca.crt --secure-port=10257 --service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/server/tls/service.current.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --use-service-account-credentials=true
Remediation:
Create an audit policy file for your cluster.
3.2.2 Ensure that the audit policy covers key security concerns (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Review the audit policy provided for the cluster and ensure that it covers at least the following areas,
- Access to Secrets managed by the cluster. Care should be taken to only log Metadata for requests to Secrets, ConfigMaps, and TokenReviews, in order to avoid risk of logging sensitive data.
- Modification of Pod and Deployment objects.
- Use of
pods/exec,pods/portforward,pods/proxyandservices/proxy. For most requests, minimally logging at the Metadata level is recommended (the most basic level of logging).
4 Worker Node Security Configuration
4.1 Worker Node Configuration Files
4.1.1 Ensure that the kubelet service file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Rationale:
The kubelet is managed by the RKE2 process. There is no kubelet service file, all configuration is passed in as arguments at runtime.
4.1.2 Ensure that the kubelet service file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Rationale:
The kubelet is managed by the RKE2 process. There is no kubelet service file, all configuration is passed in as arguments at runtime.
4.1.3 If proxy kubeconfig file exists ensure permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node.
For example,
chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig
4.1.4 If proxy kubeconfig file exists ensure ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is present
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node.
For example, chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig
4.1.5 Ensure that the --kubeconfig kubelet.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node.
For example,
chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig
4.1.6 Ensure that the --kubeconfig kubelet.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node.
For example,
chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig
4.1.7 Ensure that the certificate authorities file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt; then stat -c permissions=%a /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt; fi'
Expected Result: permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictive
Returned Value:
permissions=600
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node.
For example,
chmod 600 /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt
4.1.8 Ensure that the client certificate authorities file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt; then stat -c %U:%G /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt; fi'
Expected Result: 'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'
Returned Value:
root:root
Remediation:
Run the following command to modify the ownership of the --client-ca-file.
chown root:root /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt
4.1.9 If the kubelet config.yaml configuration file is being used validate permissions set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Rationale:
The kubelet is managed by the RKE2 process. There is no kubelet config file, all configuration is passed in as arguments at runtime.
4.1.10 If the kubelet config.yaml configuration file is being used validate file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Rationale:
The kubelet is managed by the RKE2 process. There is no kubelet config file, all configuration is passed in as arguments at runtime.
4.2 Kubelet
4.2.1 Ensure that the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--anonymous-auth' is equal to 'false'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --anonymous-auth to false. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any lines similar to below.
kubelet-arg:
- "anonymous-auth=true"
Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.2 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is not set to AlwaysAllow (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--authorization-mode' does not have 'AlwaysAllow'
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --authorization-mode to AlwaysAllow. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any lines similar to below.
kubelet-arg:
- "authorization-mode=AlwaysAllow"
Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.3 Ensure that the --client-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--client-ca-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the client ca certificate for the Kubelet. It is generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt
4.2.4 Verify that the --read-only-port argument is set to 0 (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--read-only-port' is equal to '0' OR '--read-only-port' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 sets the --read-only-port to 0. If you have set this to a different value, you should set it back to 0. Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any lines similar to below.
kubelet-arg:
- "read-only-port=XXXX"
Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.5 Ensure that the --streaming-connection-idle-timeout argument is not set to 0 (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--streaming-connection-idle-timeout' is present OR '--streaming-connection-idle-timeout' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, set the following parameter to an appropriate value.
kubelet-arg:
- "streaming-connection-idle-timeout=5m"
Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.6 Ensure that the --make-iptables-util-chains argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--make-iptables-util-chains' is present OR '--make-iptables-util-chains' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, set the following parameter.
kubelet-arg:
- "make-iptables-util-chains=true"
Or, remove the --make-iptables-util-chains argument to let RKE2 use the default value. Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.7 Ensure that the --hostname-override argument is not set (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Rationale:
By default, RKE2 does set the --hostname-override argument. Per CIS guidelines, this is to comply with cloud providers that require this flag to ensure that hostname matches node names.
4.2.8 Ensure that the eventRecordQPS argument is set to a level which ensures appropriate event capture (Manual)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--event-qps' is present OR '--event-qps' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, set the following parameter to an appropriate value.
kubelet-arg:
- "event-qps=<value>"
Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.9 Ensure that the --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--tls-cert-file' is present AND '--tls-private-key-file' is present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 automatically provides the TLS certificate and private key for the Kubelet. They are generated and located at /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt and /var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml and remove any lines similar to below.
kubelet-arg:
- "tls-cert-file=<path/to/tls-cert-file>"
- "tls-private-key-file=<path/to/tls-private-key-file>"
4.2.10 Ensure that the --rotate-certificates argument is not set to false (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: '--rotate-certificates' is present OR '--rotate-certificates' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the --rotate-certificates argument. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any rotate-certificates parameter. Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.11 Verify that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubelet
Expected Result: 'RotateKubeletServerCertificate' is present OR 'RotateKubeletServerCertificate' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2592 2508 2 18:32 ? 00:00:41 kubelet --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --file-check-frequency=5s --sync-frequency=30s --address=0.0.0.0 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --authorization-mode=Webhook --cgroup-driver=systemd --client-ca-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/client-ca.crt --cloud-provider=external --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --containerd=/run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --eviction-hard=imagefs.available<5%,nodefs.available<5% --eviction-minimum-reclaim=imagefs.available=10%,nodefs.available=10% --fail-swap-on=false --feature-gates=CloudDualStackNodeIPs=true --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubelet.kubeconfig --node-ip=10.10.10.100 --node-labels= --pod-infra-container-image=index.docker.io/rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6 --pod-manifest-path=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/pod-manifests --protect-kernel-defaults=true --read-only-port=0 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf --serialize-image-pulls=false --tls-cert-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.crt --tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/serving-kubelet.key
Remediation:
By default, RKE2 does not set the RotateKubeletServerCertificate feature gate. If this check fails, edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, remove any RotateKubeletServerCertificate parameter. Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.12 Ensure that the Kubelet only makes use of Strong Cryptographic Ciphers (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml,
kubelet-arg:
- "tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305"
or to a subset of these values. Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.2.13 Ensure that a limit is set on pod PIDs (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Edit the RKE2 config file /etc/rancher/rke2/config.yaml, set the following parameter to an appropriate value.
kubelet-arg:
- "pod-max-pids=<value>"
Based on your system, restart the RKE2 service. For example, systemctl restart rke2-server.service
4.3 kube-proxy
4.3.1 Ensure that the kube-proxy metrics service is bound to localhost (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kube-proxy
Expected Result: '--metrics-bind-address' is present OR '--metrics-bind-address' is not present
Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2730 2644 0 18:32 ? 00:00:01 kube-proxy --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --conntrack-max-per-core=0 --conntrack-tcp-timeout-close-wait=0s --conntrack-tcp-timeout-established=0s --healthz-bind-address=127.0.0.1 --hostname-override=server-0 --kubeconfig=/var/lib/rancher/rke2/agent/kubeproxy.kubeconfig --proxy-mode=iptables
Remediation:
Modify or remove any values which bind the metrics service to a non-localhost address. The default value is 127.0.0.1:10249.
5 Kubernetes Policies
5.1 RBAC and Service Accounts
5.1.1 Ensure that the cluster-admin role is only used where required (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
kubectl get clusterrolebindings -o=custom-columns=ROLE:.roleRef.name,NAME:.metadata.name,SUBJECT:.subjects[*].name --no-headers | grep cluster-admin
Expected Result: 'cluster-admin' matched by regex expression 'cluster-admin|helm-kube-system-rke2-.*'
Returned Value:
cluster-admin cluster-admin system:masters
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-canal helm-rke2-canal
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-coredns helm-rke2-coredns
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-ingress-nginx helm-rke2-ingress-nginx
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-metrics-server helm-rke2-metrics-server
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-snapshot-controller helm-rke2-snapshot-controller
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-snapshot-controller-crd helm-rke2-snapshot-controller-crd
cluster-admin helm-kube-system-rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook helm-rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook
Remediation:
Identify all clusterrolebindings to the cluster-admin role. Check if they are used and if they need this role or if they could use a role with fewer privileges. RKE2 gives exceptions to the helm-kube-system-rke2-* clusterrolebindings which handles the installation of all rke2 managed components. Where possible, first bind users to a lower privileged role and then remove the clusterrolebinding to the cluster-admin role:
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding [name]
5.1.2 Minimize access to secrets (Automated)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove get, list and watch access to Secret objects in the cluster.
5.1.3 Minimize wildcard use in Roles and ClusterRoles (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
# Check Roles
kubectl get roles --all-namespaces -o custom-columns=ROLE_NAMESPACE:.metadata.namespace,ROLE_NAME:.metadata.name --no-headers | while read -r role_namespace role_name
do
role_rules=$(kubectl get role -n "${role_namespace}" "${role_name}" -o=json | jq -c '.rules')
if echo "${role_rules}" | grep -q "\[\"\*\"\]"; then
printf "**role_name: %-50s role_namespace: %-25s role_rules: %s is_compliant: false\n" "${role_name}" "${role_namespace}" "${role_rules}"
else
printf "**role_name: %-50s role_namespace: %-25s is_compliant: true\n" "${role_name}" "${role_namespace}"
fi;
done
cr_whitelist="cluster-admin rke2-cloud-controller-manager local-path-provisioner-role"
cr_whitelist="$cr_whitelist system:kube-controller-manager system:kubelet-api-admin system:controller:namespace-controller"
cr_whitelist="$cr_whitelist system:controller:disruption-controller system:controller:generic-garbage-collector"
cr_whitelist="$cr_whitelist system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler system:controller:resourcequota-controller"
# Check ClusterRoles
kubectl get clusterroles -o custom-columns=CLUSTERROLE_NAME:.metadata.name --no-headers | while read -r clusterrole_name
do
clusterrole_rules=$(kubectl get clusterrole "${clusterrole_name}" -o=json | jq -c '.rules')
if echo "${cr_whitelist}" | grep -q "${clusterrole_name}"; then
printf "**clusterrole_name: %-50s is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true\n" "${clusterrole_name}"
elif echo "${clusterrole_rules}" | grep -q "\[\"\*\"\]"; then
echo "**clusterrole_name: ${clusterrole_name} clusterrole_rules: ${clusterrole_rules} is_compliant: false"
else
printf "**clusterrole_name: %-50s is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true\n" "${clusterrole_name}"
fi;
done
Expected Result: 'is_compliant' is equal to 'true'
Returned Value:
**role_name: system:controller:bootstrap-signer role_namespace: kube-public is_compliant: true
**role_name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: rke2-ingress-nginx role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: rke2-snapshot-controller role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: system::leader-locking-kube-controller-manager role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: system::leader-locking-kube-scheduler role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: system:controller:bootstrap-signer role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: system:controller:cloud-provider role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**role_name: system:controller:token-cleaner role_namespace: kube-system is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: admin is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: calico-node is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: cluster-admin is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: edit is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: flannel is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: rke2-cloud-controller-manager is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: rke2-coredns-rke2-coredns is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: rke2-coredns-rke2-coredns-autoscaler is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: rke2-ingress-nginx is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: rke2-snapshot-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:aggregate-to-admin is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:aggregate-to-edit is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:aggregate-to-view is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:auth-delegator is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:basic-user is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:certificates.k8s.io:kube-apiserver-client-approver is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:certificates.k8s.io:kube-apiserver-client-kubelet-approver is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:certificates.k8s.io:kubelet-serving-approver is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:certificates.k8s.io:legacy-unknown-approver is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:attachdetach-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:certificate-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:cronjob-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:daemon-set-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:deployment-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:disruption-controller is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:endpoint-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:endpointslice-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:endpointslicemirroring-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:ephemeral-volume-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:expand-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:generic-garbage-collector is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:job-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:namespace-controller is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:node-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:persistent-volume-binder is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:pod-garbage-collector is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:pv-protection-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:pvc-protection-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:replicaset-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:replication-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:resourcequota-controller is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:root-ca-cert-publisher is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:route-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:service-account-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:service-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:statefulset-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:ttl-after-finished-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:controller:ttl-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:discovery is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:heapster is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:kube-aggregator is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:kube-controller-manager is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:kube-dns is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:kube-proxy is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:kube-scheduler is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:kubelet-api-admin is_whitelist: true is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:monitoring is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:node is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:node-bootstrapper is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:node-problem-detector is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:node-proxier is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:persistent-volume-provisioner is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:public-info-viewer is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:rke2-controller is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:rke2-metrics-server is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:rke2-metrics-server-aggregated-reader is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:service-account-issuer-discovery is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: system:volume-scheduler is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
**clusterrole_name: view is_whitelist: false is_compliant: true
Remediation:
Where possible replace any use of wildcards in clusterroles and roles with specific objects or actions. RKE2 gives exceptions for following cluster roles, which are required for regular operations:
- rke2-cloud-controller-manager, local-path-provisioner-role, cluster-admin
- system:kube-controller-manager, system:kubelet-api-admin, system:controller:namespace-controller,
- system:controller:disruption-controller, system:controller:generic-garbage-collector,
- system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler, system:controller:resourcequota-controller
5.1.4 Minimize access to create pods (Automated)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove create access to pod objects in the cluster.
5.1.5 Ensure that default service accounts are not actively used. (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
kubectl get serviceaccounts --all-namespaces --field-selector metadata.name=default \
-o custom-columns=N:.metadata.namespace,SA:.metadata.name,ASA:.automountServiceAccountToken --no-headers \
| while read -r namespace serviceaccount automountserviceaccounttoken
do
if [ "${automountserviceaccounttoken}" = "<none>" ]; then
automountserviceaccounttoken="notset"
fi
if [ "${namespace}" != "kube-system" ] && [ "${automountserviceaccounttoken}" != "false" ]; then
printf "**namespace: %-20s service_account: %-10s automountServiceAccountToken: %-6s is_compliant: false\n" "${namespace}" "${serviceaccount}" "${automountserviceaccounttoken}"
else
printf "**namespace: %-20s service_account: %-10s automountServiceAccountToken: %-6s is_compliant: true\n" "${namespace}" "${serviceaccount}" "${automountserviceaccounttoken}"
fi
done
Expected Result: 'is_compliant' is equal to 'true'
Returned Value:
**namespace: default service_account: default automountServiceAccountToken: false is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-node-lease service_account: default automountServiceAccountToken: false is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-public service_account: default automountServiceAccountToken: false is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system service_account: default automountServiceAccountToken: false is_compliant: true
Remediation:
Create explicit service accounts wherever a Kubernetes workload requires specific access to the Kubernetes API server. Modify the configuration of each default service account to include this value automountServiceAccountToken: false Or using kubectl:
kubectl patch serviceaccount --namespace <NAMESPACE> default --patch '{"automountServiceAccountToken": false}'
5.1.6 Ensure that Service Account Tokens are only mounted where necessary (Automated)
Result: PASS
Audit:
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o custom-columns=POD_NAMESPACE:.metadata.namespace,POD_NAME:.metadata.name,POD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT:.spec.serviceAccount,POD_IS_AUTOMOUNTSERVICEACCOUNTTOKEN:.spec.automountServiceAccountToken --no-headers | while read -r pod_namespace pod_name pod_service_account pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken
do
# Skip pods with no service account
if [ "${pod_service_account}" = "<none>" ]; then
continue
fi
# Retrieve automountServiceAccountToken's value for ServiceAccount and Pod, set to notset if null or <none>.
svacc_is_automountserviceaccounttoken=$(kubectl get serviceaccount -n "${pod_namespace}" "${pod_service_account}" -o json | jq -r '.automountServiceAccountToken' | sed -e 's/<none>/notset/g' -e 's/null/notset/g')
pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken=$(echo "${pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken}" | sed -e 's/<none>/notset/g' -e 's/null/notset/g')
if [ "${svacc_is_automountserviceaccounttoken}" = "false" ] && ( [ "${pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken}" = "false" ] || [ "${pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken}" = "notset" ] ); then
is_compliant="true"
elif [ "${svacc_is_automountserviceaccounttoken}" = "true" ] && [ "${pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken}" = "false" ]; then
is_compliant="true"
else
is_compliant="false"
fi
# Whitelist kube-system namespace as these pods are expected to contact the apiserver
if [ "${pod_namespace}" = "kube-system" ]; then
is_compliant="true"
fi
echo "**namespace: ${pod_namespace} pod_name: ${pod_name} service_account: ${pod_service_account} pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: ${pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken} svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: ${svacc_is_automountserviceaccounttoken} is_compliant: ${is_compliant}"
done
Expected Result: 'is_compliant' is equal to 'true'
Returned Value:
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-canal-sf57z service_account: helm-rke2-canal pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-coredns-sc5xz service_account: helm-rke2-coredns pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-ingress-nginx-khgxr service_account: helm-rke2-ingress-nginx pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-metrics-server-s7drs service_account: helm-rke2-metrics-server pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-snapshot-controller-crd-vdm6s service_account: helm-rke2-snapshot-controller-crd pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-snapshot-controller-f9mkz service_account: helm-rke2-snapshot-controller pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: helm-install-rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook-66gdl service_account: helm-rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-canal-cv8xl service_account: canal pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: notset is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-coredns-rke2-coredns-864fbd7785-tlfwz service_account: coredns pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: notset is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-coredns-rke2-coredns-autoscaler-6c87968579-k2kf8 service_account: rke2-coredns-rke2-coredns-autoscaler pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: notset is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-ingress-nginx-controller-4mq9l service_account: rke2-ingress-nginx pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: true is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-metrics-server-7f745dbddf-96zw8 service_account: rke2-metrics-server pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: notset is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-snapshot-controller-7d6476d7cb-trhbn service_account: rke2-snapshot-controller pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: notset is_compliant: true
**namespace: kube-system pod_name: rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook-5649fbd66c-zrkf5 service_account: rke2-snapshot-validation-webhook pod_is_automountserviceaccounttoken: notset svacc_is_automountServiceAccountToken: notset is_compliant: true
Remediation:
Modify the definition of ServiceAccounts and Pods which do not need to mount service
account tokens to disable it, with automountServiceAccountToken: false.
RKE2 gives exceptions to the ServiceAccounts in kube-system namespace, as these are expected contact the apiserver.
When in cis mode, RKE2 disables the automountServiceAccountToken for namespaces:
- kube-public, default, kube-node-lease
If both the ServiceAccount and the Pod's .spec specify a value for automountServiceAccountToken, the Pod spec takes precedence.
Condition: Pod is_compliant to true when
- ServiceAccount is automountServiceAccountToken: false and Pod is automountServiceAccountToken: false or notset
- ServiceAccount is automountServiceAccountToken: true/notset and Pod is automountServiceAccountToken: false
5.1.7 Avoid use of system:masters group (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Remove the system:masters group from all users in the cluster.
5.1.8 Limit use of the Bind, Impersonate and Escalate permissions in the Kubernetes cluster (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove the impersonate, bind and escalate rights from subjects.
5.1.9 Minimize access to create persistent volumes (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove create access to PersistentVolume objects in the cluster.
5.1.10 Minimize access to the proxy sub-resource of nodes (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove access to the proxy sub-resource of node objects.
5.1.11 Minimize access to the approval sub-resource of certificatesigningrequests objects (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove access to the approval sub-resource of certificatesigningrequest objects.
5.1.12 Minimize access to webhook configuration objects (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove access to the validatingwebhookconfigurations or mutatingwebhookconfigurations objects
5.1.13 Minimize access to the service account token creation (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Where possible, remove access to the token sub-resource of serviceaccount objects.
5.2 Pod Security Standards
5.2.1 Ensure that the cluster has at least one active policy control mechanism in place (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Ensure that either Pod Security Admission or an external policy control system is in place for every namespace which contains user workloads.
5.2.2 Minimize the admission of privileged containers (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the admission of privileged containers.
5.2.3 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host process ID namespace (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of hostPID containers.
5.2.4 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host IPC namespace (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of hostIPC containers.
5.2.5 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host network namespace (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of hostNetwork containers.
5.2.6 Minimize the admission of containers with allowPrivilegeEscalation (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers with .spec.allowPrivilegeEscalation set to true.
5.2.7 Minimize the admission of root containers (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Create a policy for each namespace in the cluster, ensuring that either MustRunAsNonRoot
or MustRunAs with the range of UIDs not including 0, is set.
5.2.8 Minimize the admission of containers with the NET_RAW capability (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers with the NET_RAW capability.
5.2.9 Minimize the admission of containers with added capabilities (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Ensure that allowedCapabilities is not present in policies for the cluster unless
it is set to an empty array.
5.2.10 Minimize the admission of containers with capabilities assigned (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Review the use of capabilities in applications running on your cluster. Where a namespace contains applications which do not require any Linux capabities to operate consider adding a PSP which forbids the admission of containers which do not drop all capabilities.
5.2.11 Minimize the admission of Windows HostProcess containers (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers that have .securityContext.windowsOptions.hostProcess set to true.
5.2.12 Minimize the admission of HostPath volumes (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers with hostPath volumes.
5.2.13 Minimize the admission of containers which use HostPorts (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers which use hostPort sections.
5.3 Network Policies and CNI
5.3.1 Ensure that the CNI in use supports NetworkPolicies (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: If the CNI plugin in use does not support network policies, consideration should be given to making use of a different plugin, or finding an alternate mechanism for restricting traffic in the Kubernetes cluster.
5.3.2 Ensure that all Namespaces have NetworkPolicies defined (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Follow the documentation and create NetworkPolicy objects as you need them.
5.4 Secrets Management
5.4.1 Prefer using Secrets as files over Secrets as environment variables (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: If possible, rewrite application code to read Secrets from mounted secret files, rather than from environment variables.
5.4.2 Consider external secret storage (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Refer to the Secrets management options offered by your cloud provider or a third-party secrets management solution.
5.5 Extensible Admission Control
5.5.1 Configure Image Provenance using ImagePolicyWebhook admission controller (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and setup image provenance.
5.7 General Policies
5.7.1 Create administrative boundaries between resources using namespaces (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Follow the documentation and create namespaces for objects in your deployment as you need them.
5.7.2 Ensure that the seccomp profile is set to docker/default in your Pod definitions (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation:
Use securityContext to enable the docker/default seccomp profile in your pod definitions.
An example is as below:
securityContext:
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
5.7.3 Apply SecurityContext to your Pods and Containers (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and apply SecurityContexts to your Pods. For a suggested list of SecurityContexts, you may refer to the CIS Security Benchmark for Docker Containers.
5.7.4 The default namespace should not be used (Manual)
Result: WARN
Remediation: Ensure that namespaces are created to allow for appropriate segregation of Kubernetes resources and that all new resources are created in a specific namespace.